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MASAHIKO ISOBEThe University of TokyoGraduate School of Frontier ScienceDepartment of Environmental Studies 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
 Coastal areas can be developed and utilized for transportation, obtaining energy, fisheries, agriculture, industry, business, marine recreation, and other uses.  People utilized the sea for marine transportation for business from olden times, and harbors were developed for ship anchorage and shipping and for discharging products, besides being utilized for fisheries. Business and industry expanded in coastal areas, which were convenient for shipping products, and effective for business. Many power plants are built near coastal areas, because coolants are easily obtained. 
  Now, the utilization of marine temperature difference energy, wave energy and tidal energy are being examined. 
 
 
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